The viral capsid and envelope <span>plays a role in attaching a virion to the host cell.</span>
Answer:
The greatest changes to the path and strength of the Gulf Stream might be caused by an increase in the volume of river water that flows into the Gulf of Mexico (Option B)
Explanation:
The North Atlantic current or Gulf Stream carries warm water from the Gulf of Mexico forward Europe, providing a relative template clime in most of the European occident.
Ocean streams are sensitive to the amount of freshwater available on the surface. An increase in overflow and precipitation over the ocean could slow or revert the north Atlantic current, blocking warm water flow to Europe.
The deposition of freshwater could cause a temporal deceleration or total collapse of the North Atlantic Current, and this interruption might lead to very cold periods in the North Atlantic.
Temperature difference and Earth's tilt
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Why do organisms without oxygen need to convert pyruvate to lactate?
A) because pyruvate is toxic to the cells
B) in order to regenerate NAD+
C) in order to use lactate in the citric acid cycle
D) because lactate is needed to produce ATP
Answer:
B) in order to regenerate NAD+
Explanation:
Kreb's cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) are the aerobic stages of cellular respiration. ETC regenerates NAD+ and FAD+ by oxidation of NADH and FADH2 produced during glycolysis and Kreb's cycle. Here, oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor.
Glycolytic reactions use NAD+ as an electron acceptor and produce NADH. Therefore, a constant supply of NAD+ is required to sustain glycolysis. In absence of oxygen, ETC cannot occur and organisms convert pyruvate into lactate. Pyruvate is reduced in lactate and NADH serves as the electron donor. Thereby, lactate fermentation regenerates NAD+ to continue the process of glycolysis.
