1) The electromagnetic force
2) The electric force is approximately times stronger than the gravitational force.
Explanation:
1)
There are four fundamental forces in nature:
- The gravitational force, acting between objects having mass
- The electromagnetic force, acting between objects having electric charge
- The strong nuclear force, holding protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of the atoms
- The weak nuclear force, responsible for certain types of radioactive decay
Here we are interested in the electromagnetic force, which is the force that causes electric charges to attract or repel. In fact, two electric charges feel a mutual force (the electromagnetic force), whose nature is:
- Attractive, if the charges have opposite signs
- Repulsive, if the charges have same sign
The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law:
where
k is the Coulomb's constant
q1, q2 are the two charges
r is the separation between the two charges
2)
In order to compare the strength of the electric force to that of the gravitational force, we have to take two sample objects of mass 1 kg (unit mass) and of charge 1 C (unit charge), place them at 1 metre distance, and compute the value of both forces.
The gravitational force is given by:
where
is the gravitational constant
are the masses of the two objects
r = 1 m is the separation between them
The electric force is given by:
where:
is the Coulomb's constant
are the two charges
r = 1 m is the separation between the two charges
Calculating the ratio between the two forces, we find
From which we see that the electric force is approximately times stronger than the gravitational force.
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