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Karolina [17]
3 years ago
14

Let P and Q be polynomials with positive coefficients. Consider the limit below. lim x→[infinity] P(x) Q(x) (a) Find the limit i

f the degree of P is less than the degree of Q. 0 (b) Find the limit if the degree of P is greater than the degree of Q.
Mathematics
1 answer:
jenyasd209 [6]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

If the limit that you want to find is \lim_{x\to \infty}\dfrac{P(x)}{Q(x)} then you can use the following proof.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let P(x)=a_{n}x^{n}+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_{1}x+a_{0} and Q(x)=b_{m}x^{m}+b_{m-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+b_{1}x+b_{0} be the given polinomials. Then

\dfrac{P(x)}{Q(x)}=\dfrac{x^{n}(a_{n}+a_{n-1}x^{-1}+a_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots +a_{2}x^{-(n-2)}+a_{1}x^{-(n-1)}+a_{0}x^{-n})}{x^{m}(b_{m}+b_{m-1}x^{-1}+b_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots+b_{2}x^{-(m-2)}+b_{1}x^{-(m-1)}+b_{0}x^{-m})}=x^{n-m}\dfrac{a_{n}+a_{n-1}x^{-1}+a_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots +a_{2}x^{-(n-2)}+a_{1}x^{-(n-1)})+a_{0}x^{-n}}{b_{m}+b_{m-1}x^{-1}+b_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots+b_{2}x^{-(m-2)}+b_{1}x^{-(m-1)}+b_{0}x^{-m}}

Observe that

\lim_{x\to \infty}\dfrac{a_{n}+a_{n-1}x^{-1}+a_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots +a_{2}x^{-(n-2)}+a_{1}x^{-(n-1)})+a_{0}x^{-n}}{b_{m}+b_{m-1}x^{-1}+b_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots+b_{2}x^{-(m-2)}+b_{1}x^{-(m-1)}+b_{0}x^{-m}}=\dfrac{a_{n}}{b_{m}}

and

\lim_{x\to \infty} x^{n-m}=\begin{cases}0& \text{if}\,\, nm\end{cases}

Then

\lim_{x\to \infty}=\lim_{x\to \infty}x^{n-m}\dfrac{a_{n}+a_{n-1}x^{-1}+a_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots +a_{2}x^{-(n-2)}+a_{1}x^{-(n-1)}+a_{0}x^{-n}}{b_{m}+b_{m-1}x^{-1}+b_{n-2}x^{-2}+\cdots+b_{2}x^{-(m-2)}+b_{1}x^{-(m-1)}+b_{0}x^{-m}}=\begin{cases}0 & \text{if}\,\, nm \end{cases}

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