In-text citations are for any information you got from another source. if you directly quote it, you need an in-text citation; if you summarize it, you need one; if you paraphrase it, you need one.
APA format in-text citations require three things if available: the author's name, the year, and the page number. for parenthetical citations, it's formatted like so: (Smith, 2002, pp. 91)
however, signal phrases change things. signal phrases are your lead-ins to quotes, like, "According to John Smith" or "An article by Jane Doe" -- HOWEVER, in APA format, you're required to put the year in the signal phrase if you mention the author. "According to John Smith" becomes "According to John Smith (2002)," and you continue your sentence like normal.
if no author is available, cite it by the title of the web article. for example: ("Camping," 2001). if no page number is available, as is usually the case with web sources, leave it out.
remember that if you say the article/page number/author's name IN your signal phrase, the same information doesn't need to be repeated in your in-text citation. you only need to give the information once, because they'll be able to find it on your reference page:
According to John Smith (2002), mosquitoes prefer humid weather (pp. 9).
Mosquitoes prefer humid weather (Smith, 2002, pp.9).
According to page 9 of "The Great Outdoors" by John Smith (2002), mosquitoes prefer humid weather.
note that for the last one, no "end of the sentence" in-text citation is needed, because you gave all three pieces of info within the sentence.
an easy way to remember the difference between MLA and APA is that APA emphasizes the date of your source more. it wants the year as soon as you reference your author. this is because in science fields, discoveries are often made then later revised, so they want to know what year you got your information from. outdated information could be considered like invalid or whatever so dates matter A Lot for science!!
MLA format is actually easier. all you have to do for the in-text citations is the author's last name and page number, or the article title. no dates are needed in-text.
as an example: (Smith 9)
no "pp." is needed as they require in APA format. just the name, then a number for the page. that's it. if you say the author's name in your signal phrase, you only need to give the page number:
According to John Smith in his book "The Great Outdoors," mosquitoes prefer humid weather (9).
According to "The Great Outdoors," mosquitoes prefer humid weather (Smith 9).
According to page 9 of "The Great Outdoors," mosquitoes prefer humid weather (Smith).
this...is long. but i hope it helps! feel free to message me if you run across any special cases that give you trouble.
Are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group, and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue. ... They can form lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic characteristic.
Answer:
they all have cells
Explanation:
each living thing has cells that help them survive and help their body work well.
Answer:
Desertification is the destruction of the biological potential of the land and it is generally viewed as an advanced stage of land degradation. human activities also cause the process such as poor irrigation practices, deforestation, the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, and overgrazing.
Such human activities put enormous pressure on the land by altering its soil chemistry and hydrology. Modern agriculture causing a negative impact on the soil and land by overexploiting the biological and chemical potential of the land.
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
absorbed by Earth’s core
When energy from the sun reaches Earth, it is not <em><u>absorbed by Earth's core.</u></em>
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- <em><u>The energy from the sun reaches the earth, such that 23 percent of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere by water vapor, dust and ozone. </u></em>
- <em><u>48 percent of the solar energy is absorbed by the earth's surface, this translates to 71 percent of the energy which is absorbed by the systems of the Earth.</u></em>
- <em><u>The remaining 29 percent is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles etc. </u></em>
