Answer:
d. DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template
Explanation:
Polymerase DNA always works in one direction, synthesizing the new 5' to 3' oriented chains and adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a new synthesis chain by forming phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate of a nucleotide and the sugar of the anterior nucleotide.
Because DNA polymerase only acts in a 5' to 3' direction, replication along a chain, the leading chain, occurs continuously. The synthesis of the opposite chain, the delayed chain, occurs discontinuously because the DNA polymerase must wait for the replication fork to open. Over the delayed chain, short segments of DNA called Okazaki fragments (named after Reiji and Tsuneko Okazaki, the scientists who discovered these fragments) are synthesized as polymerase DNA works out of the replication fork. Ligase DNA catalyzes the covalent bonds between Okazaki fragments in the delayed chain to ensure there are no gaps in the phosphodiester skeleton. Finally, the first ones are removed and these gaps are filled by the DNA polymerase.
RFLP = Restriction fragment length polymorphismWe can say that an individual has a recombination when we see that in RFLP there are two bands. One in normal migration, and one in the pathologic migration.In generation III we can see it in individual 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 10. Any modification of the DNA sequences (mutation, addition, deletion) frequently rearranges the restriction sites. During the action of restriction enzymes, the size of the restriction fragments is then modified, and the fragments are then separated differently according to their size by electrophoresis: a polymorphism is observed.
Answer:
Translation will not occur.
Explanation:
The start codon is responsible for the initiation of translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. AUG is the start codon in both which code for methionine in eukaryotes and formyl methionine and prokaryotes.
Therefore if the starts codon becomes mutated than the tRNA would not able to recognize the initiation codon and no methionine would be added as the first amino acid so the translation process might not start and no protein forms. Then the ribosome scans further for the next start codon to start translation.
Answer:
I believe it is A, but I could be wrong.
Explanation:
I think this, because when it says, "Other, less useful, versions of the genetic code were eliminated gradually throughout the course of evolution", I think it referencing to the fact that all animals and etc, are made up of common codes, and how over time, through evolution, certain codes were eliminated, because creatures were evolving.
