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Viefleur [7K]
3 years ago
14

State four factors that influence the heart rate.​

Biology
1 answer:
kvasek [131]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Emotions and anxiety can raise your heart rate! Unlike an automobile that is purely mechanical, we are not solely governed by working parts. Some days you can “feel” your way to a higher HR.

Body Temperature: If you become too hot or too cold your body senses a thermal stress load. Blood is sent to your skin to enhance heat dissipation to cool you or increases blood flow to warm you. Apparent temperatures (which account for humidity or wind chill) above 70 degress (F) and below 35 degrees (F) will increase your heart rate at least 2-4 beats per minute. Over 90% humidity can equal as much as a 10 beat increase in heart rate.

The terrain. Walk or run uphill and your HR increases. Walk or run downhill and your HR decreases.

Wind. Walking or running with the wind at your back is easy, therefore HR decreases. Walking or running into the wind is more difficult: HR increases.

Dehydration. As you become increasingly dehydrated during a long walk, hike, or run, your blood becomes thicker and waste products build up in bloodstream. Your heart will work harder to maintain constant cardiac output. A fluid loss of 3% of body weight increases pulse rate because of decrease in circulating blood volume.

Diminishing glycogen stores — your muscles primary fuel source. As the fuel depletes, in order to maintain the same walking or running pace, your HR rises.

Insufficient nutrition. HR increases.

Insufficient sleep. HR increases.

Insufficient recovery after a long hike, run, or other hard workout. HR increases.

Recent illness — or — a signal of impending illness. You guessed it!

Medication – depending upon the medication, heart rate can either decrease or increase. Be certain to ask your physician about any medication you are taking and its effects on your exercise heart rate.

Explanation:

I know its alot so I would pick at least 3 for your answer hope it helps

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Please explain the difference between a frameshift mutation and a base substitution mutation.
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Answer:

A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.

Explanation:

DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.

In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:

ACTGCTATCGTCATC

If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.

ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC

A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:

ACTGCTATCGTCATC

Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.

ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC

As you can see, none of the other codons changed.

Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.

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