Answer:
A) habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird parasitism to occur
Explanation:
It is a situation where by there is transformation of a large habitat into smaller patches with smaller total area secluded from one another by a habitat different from the initial one.
Habitat fragmentation can be caused due geological processes which distort the physical environment. It is also casued by human activities which could lead to loss or extinction of certain species.
Habitat fragmentation could possibly lead to loss of habitat and biodiversity.
Diploblasty is a state of the blastula in which there are two essential germ layers: the ectoderm and endoderm. Diploblastic living beings are life forms which create from such a blastula and incorporate cnidaria and Ctenophora, earlier assembled together in the phylum Coelenterata, yet later comprehension of their disparities brought about their being put in discrete phyla.
To answer the above:
Diploblastic animals have ectoderm and an endoderm as well as radial symmetry.
The right answer is Lichen.
In ecology, a pioneer species is one of the first forms of life that colonize or recolonize a given ecological area.
Lichens are composite organisms resulting from a symbiosis between at least one heterotrophic fungus called mycobionte, representing 90% of all, and microscopic cells with chlorophyll (green algae or cyanobacteria autotrophic for carbon) called "photobionts" .
The correct option is D.
If water density at freezing point is greater, the ice formed will sink to the bottom of the water body and freeze the water up from the bottom. This will surely lead to the death of everything that live inside the water.
