Image result for Plants with vessels to transport water and nutrients are called nonvascular plants.
Within vascular plants is the phloem, the vessel that transports food, and the xylem, which transports water. Nonvascular plants are small, simple plants without a vascular system. They do not have a phloem or xylem.
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The ways to speed up photosynthesis is to <u>increase the amount of light </u>because with minimal light it slows photosynthesis down. Photosynthesis is also <u>dependent on temperature</u> and when the enzymes reach the perfect temperature which is around <u>50-68 degrees fahrenheit. An increase in carbon dioxide </u>will also speed up photosynthesis (this is more possible in a greenhouse). Carbon dioxide is used to make the sugar in order to create the reaction for photosynthesis to happen.
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"Changes that affect the structure of chromosomes can cause problems with growth, development, and function of the body's systems. These changes can affect many genes along the chromosome and disrupt the proteins made from those genes."
Answer :C) to prevent loss of ions to the surrounding water
Explanation :Basically,by closing the lamellae it prevents the entry of water by OSMOSIS , into high solute(ions) potential plasma .if the lamellae were not shut, osmosis drives water in, the fish produced hypotonic urine with resultant loss of ions,
Therefore with the closure of the lamellae, it countered continuous plasma ion loss, and ensure re-establishment of the water-ion balance in cells of muscle tissues and blood. Therefore, the net loss of plasma ions was cut down, and stability of the ion concentration ensured,as a result of a drop in the passive ion efflux to the surrounding aquatic medium.
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The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is a Northern European freshwater fish often inhabiting ponds that become hypoxic (have reduced oxygen levels) and even anoxic (have no oxygen) when the surface freezes during the winter. Surprisingly, when oxygen levels are normal, these fish lack the lamellae that provide a large surface area for gas exchange between water and blood: their gills are smooth. Yet when the level of oxygen in the water falls, the gill morphology undergoes a change: packing cells stop dividing and programmed cell death is induced, exposing gill lamellae that were buried in other tissue. With lamellae exposed, the gills have increased surface area for gas exchange. These changes in gill lamellar profile are reversible: investigators observed that the gills return to their normal structure within seven days after returning the fish to well-oxygenated water. (Jørund Sollid, Paula De Angelis, Kristian Gundersen, and Göran E. Nilsson. 2003. Hypoxia induces adaptive and reversible gross morphological changes in crucian carp gills. Journal of Experimental Biology 206:3667-73.)
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B.)
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Not all mutations are harmful because come animals mutate to help them adapt to their environment.
