The 18th Century Age of Enlightenment in Scotland is universally acknowledged as a cultural phenomenon of international significance, and philosophy equally
widely regarded as central to it. In point of fact, the expression ‘Scottish Philosophy’ only came into existence in 1875 with a book of that title by James McCosh, and the term ‘Scottish Enlightenment’ made an even later appearance (in 1904). Nevertheless, the two terms serve to identify an astonishing ferment of intellectual activity in 18th century Scotland, and a brilliant array of philosophers and thinkers. Chief among these, after Hutcheson, were George Turnbull, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson, Hugh Blair, William Robertson and of course, David Hume. Hume apart, all these figures were university teachers who also actively contributed to the intellectual
inquiries of their time. Most of them were also clergymen. This second fact made the Scottish Age of Enlightenment singularly different from its cultural counterparts in France and Germany, where ‘enlightenment’ was almost synonymous with the rejection of religion. By contrast, Hutcheson, Reid, Campbell, Robertson and Blair were highly respected figures in both the academy and the church, combining a commitment to the Christian religion with serious engagement in the newest intellectual inquiries. These inquiries, to which Hume was also major contributor, were all shaped by a single aspiration – a science of human nature. It was the aim of all these thinkers to make advances in the human sciences equivalent to those that had been made in the natural sciences, and to do so by deploying the very same methods, namely the scientific methodology of Francis Bacon and Sir Isaac Newton
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The Indus River basin lies between Pakistan and India, and has become a major point of contention between the two nations. The Indus River is the most important water supplier for the Punjab plains and is the foundation of all water supply for Pakistan. While India has upstream control of the Indus River, a treaty signed in 1960 by the two nations ensures that Pakistan will retain water from the river. Current issues about this river and the lands that it feeds include India's creation of dams and hydroelectric structures upstream that have started limiting Pakistan's access to water downstream.
Hitler published the best book I have ever read, "Mein Kampf" and rose to power because of his struggles through his journey in Germany. The people took hold to his prowess as an amazing author and nominated him chancellor in honor of him. Although the disgusting Allied powers tried killed him when he tried to liberate the other countries of their freedom. A sad story that ends with the victors lying and making up lies to try to besmirch his image. He truly did nothing wrong.
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It allowed for the development in printing and an easier way to spread views. ... Medieval art tried to show spiritual ideas while Renaissance art followed classical models, imitated nature, Greek and Roman subjects, and self-portraits.
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It allowed for the development in printing and an easier way to spread views.
