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Much change is due to random genetic drift rather than positive selection. Some are harmful and are likely to be eliminated by natural selection – by death of the embryo, for instance. ...
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Since the beginning of life of the first multicellular organisms, the preservation of a physiologic milieu for every cell in the organism has been a critical requirement. A particular range of osmolality of the body fluids is essential for the maintenance of cell volume. In humans the stability of electrolyte concentrations and their resulting osmolality in the body fluids is the consequence of complex interactions between cell membrane functions, hormonal control, thirst, and controlled kidney excretion of fluid and solutes. Knowledge of these mechanisms, of the biochemical principles of osmolality, and of the relevant situations occurring in disease is of importance to every physician. This comprehensive review summarizes the major facts on osmolality, its relation to electrolytes and other solutes, and its relevance in physiology and in disease states with a focus on dialysis-related considerations.
The prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
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it is a greenhouse gas witch traps heat
and it dissolves in the ocean causing fish to die and decompose creating more greenhouse gas
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