The answer is B, bird flu. The other diseases have been around much longer than bird flu has. Bird flu has been in Asia since 2003, but didn't reach Europe and the middle east until 2005, making bird flu a very new disease.
Mastectomy is the surgical procedure that involves removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissue
Abiogenesis is the theory that life arose from non living molecules to form the earliest life forms. In the simplest sense, once there is life, life will arise from living rather than non living matter. However, there are those who speculate that it is possible for abiogenesis to occur more than once.