In this scenario, the coach is using a training strategy called shaping. This strategy revolves around providing positive reinforcement to the subject starting with a wide range of behavior. This range is lessened as time progresses leading to positive reinforcement being only given out for a very specific desired behavior. This is a way of leading the subject more towards that desired behavior and less toward other behaviors until that desired behavior is perfected.
Affirmative action strives to create more representation of a certain group. If a company is requiring that 10% of all employees be female, this qualifies as such because the company is requiring more representation for a certain group of people.
