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Zinaida [17]
3 years ago
5

A common concern for beer brewers making sour beers is contamination from Acetobacter. This organism converts ethanol to acetic

acid and gives the finished product an undesirable vinegar flavor. Which of the following media would serve as a good enrichment medium to detect the presence of Acetobacter in a brewery environment?
a. Carbon dioxide, yeast extract, trace elements
b. Cellulose, phosphate buffer, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, trace elements
c. Ethanol, ammonium chloride, phosphate buffer, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, trace elements
d. Glucose, ammonium chloride, phosphate buffer, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, trace elements
Biology
2 answers:
wolverine [178]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

C. Ethanol, ammonium chloride, phosphate buffer, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, trace elements

Explanation:

Acetobacter must have a sufficient supply of oxygen and cannot grow in its absence. Colonies of acetobacter can be detected by a culture media containing ethanol as carbon source, the acid produce by the bacteria will dissolve the chalk thereby leaving a clear zone around the colony.

kipiarov [429]3 years ago
3 0

Answer: Option C.

Explanation:

Acetobacter is an acetic acid bacteria that convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. This bacteria oxidize lactate and acetate into carbon dioxide and water. Acetic acid bacteria are found in media that have high concentration of carbohydrates like fruits and ethanol. Acetobacters are found in fermented foods. Ethanol, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, phosphate buffer and trace elements are good enrichment media for acetobacters growth because of high concentration of sugar.

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Answer:

When a genetic disorder is diagnosed in a family, family members often want to know the likelihood that they or their children will develop the condition. This can be difficult to predict in some cases because many factors influence a person's chances of developing a genetic condition. One important factor is how the condition is inherited. For example:

Autosomal dominant inheritance: A person affected by an autosomal dominant disorder has a 50 percent chance of passing the mutated gene to each child. The chance that a child will not inherit the mutated gene is also 50 percent. However, in some cases an autosomal dominant disorder results from a new (de novo) mutation that occurs during the formation of egg or sperm cells or early in embryonic development. In these cases, the child's parents are unaffected, but the child may pass on the condition to his or her own children.

Autosomal recessive inheritance: Two unaffected people who each carry one copy of the mutated gene for an autosomal recessive disorder (carriers) have a 25 percent chance with each pregnancy of having a child affected by the disorder. The chance with each pregnancy of having an unaffected child who is a carrier of the disorder is 50 percent, and the chance that a child will not have the disorder and will not be a carrier is 25 percent.

X-linked dominant inheritance: The chance of passing on an X-linked dominant condition differs between men and women because men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while women have two X chromosomes. A man passes on his Y chromosome to all of his sons and his X chromosome to all of his daughters. Therefore, the sons of a man with an X-linked dominant disorder will not be affected, but all of his daughters will inherit the condition. A woman passes on one or the other of her X chromosomes to each child. Therefore, a woman with an X-linked dominant disorder has a 50 percent chance of having an affected daughter or son with each pregnancy.

X-linked recessive inheritance: Because of the difference in sex chromosomes, the probability of passing on an X-linked recessive disorder also differs between men and women. The sons of a man with an X-linked recessive disorder will not be affected, and his daughters will carry one copy of the mutated gene. With each pregnancy, a woman who carries an X-linked recessive disorder has a 50 percent chance of having sons who are affected and a 50 percent chance of having daughters who carry one copy of the mutated gene.

Y-linked inheritance: Because only males have a Y chromosome, only males can be affected by and pass on Y-linked disorders. All sons of a man with a Y-linked disorder will inherit the condition from their father.

Codominant inheritance: In codominant inheritance, each parent contributes a different version of a particular gene, and both versions influence the resulting genetic trait. The chance of developing a genetic condition with codominant inheritance, and the characteristic features of that condition, depend on which versions of the gene are passed from parents to their child.

Mitochondrial inheritance: Mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers inside cells, each contain a small amount of DNA. Disorders with mitochondrial inheritance result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Although these disorders can affect both males and females, only females can pass mutations in mitochondrial DNA to their children. A woman with a disorder caused by changes in mitochondrial DNA will pass the mutation to all of her daughters and sons, but the children of a man with such a disorder will not inherit the mutation.

It is important to note that the chance of passing on a genetic condition applies equally to each pregnancy. For example, if a couple has a child with an autosomal recessive disorder, the chance of having another child with the disorder is still 25 percent (or 1 in 4). Having one child with a disorder does not “protect” future children from inheriting the condition. Conversely, having a child without the condition does not mean that future children will definitely be affected.

Although the chances of inheriting a genetic condition appear straightforward, factors such as a person's family history and the results of genetic testing can sometimes modify those chances. In addition, some people with a disease-causing mutation never develop any health problems or may experience only mild symptoms of the disorder. If a disease that runs in a family does not have a clear-cut inheritance pattern, predicting the likelihood that a person will develop the condition can be particularly difficult.

Estimating the chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder can be complex. Genetics professionals can help people understand these chances and help them make informed decisions about their health.

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Answer:

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tamaranim1 [39]

Answer:

Yes, Mass Extinctions May Have Been Caused By Meteors, as the probability of mass extinction occurring after an asteroid that could hit a random location on the Earth's surface was approximately 13% when the Chicxulub-scale asteroid hit the Earth. 

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