On September 25, 1789, Congress transmitted to the state Legislatures twelve proposed amendments to the Constitution. Numbers three through twelve were adopted by the states to become the United States (U.S.) Bill of Rights, effective December 15, 1791. James Madison proposed the U.S. Bill of Rights. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. James Madison wrote the amendments, which list specific prohibitions on governmental power, in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties. For example, the Founders saw the ability to speak and worship freely as a natural right protected by the First Amendment. Congress is prohibited from making laws establishing religion or abridging freedom of speech. The Fourth Amendment safeguards citizens’ right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion in their homes through the requirement of a warrant.
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The contemporary boundaries of Africa are artificial, they reflect only the interests of European colonial metropolises and the need to separate their old possesions. They don´t often reflect cultural, ethnic and historical realities. That´s why many post-independence conflicts have erupted in Africa. Borders drawn by colonialists divided tribes and peoples, without taking into consideration their rights and cultures.
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Federalists argued that the Constitution did not need a bill of rights, because the people and the states kept any powers not given to the federal government. Anti-Federalists held that a bill of rights was necessary to safeguard individual liberty.
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the famine was caused by several consecutice years of vad weather which directly damaged the crops and also favoured the insurgence of maladies such as the ruggine or wheat rust which later spread to France and to other parts of Europe.
