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Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
ATP synthase is a transmembrane protein enzyme. It harnesses the potential energy –proton motive force- created by the development of a proton gradient across a membrane (could be across the intermembrane space in chloroplast and mitochondria). As the H+ ions 'drain' back and pass through their channels in the protein enzyme, the synthase is able to phosphorylate ADP and Pi to form ATP.
These ATPs (from photophosporylation) in light-dependent phase, are used in the catabolism of glucose, in the light-indepedent phase.
When there is a high concentration of positive transcription factors but a low affinity for the positive transcription factor
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes—that is, their copying into RNA, on the way to making a protein.
Proteins called transcription factors, however, play a particularly central role in regulating transcription. These important proteins help determine which genes are active in each cell of your body.
<h3>How does transcription factors affect gene expression?</h3>
Under the influence of transcription factors, the various cells of the body can function differently though they have the same genome. Transcription factors attach to one or more series sites, which are called transcription element binding sites (TFBSs), binding to specific DNA sequences of the genes they control
To learn more about transcription factors, refer
brainly.com/question/6604811
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What determines the chemical properties is : color, hardness, luster, crystal forms, density, and cleavage.
