A protein that is exposed to heat or drastic change in pH will have its structure affected. Conditions that are beyond the optimum conditions for the survival of proteins will affect their structures adversely, causing them to lose their unique three dimensional structures. This is in turn will leads to the denaturation of the proteins and the proteins will no longer be able to perform their original functions.
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. When energy is needed by the cell, it is converted from storage molecules into ATP.
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Atoms are the smallest units of matter that still retain the fundamental chemical properties of an element. Much of the study of chemistry, however, involves looking at what happens when atoms combine with other atoms to form compounds. A compound is a distinct group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Just as the structure of the atom is held together by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons surrounding it, the stability within chemical bonds is also due to electrostatic attractions. To illustrate further, consider the two major types of chemical bonds: covalent bonds and ionic bonds. In covalent bonds, two atoms share pairs of electrons, while in ionic bonds, electrons are fully transferred between two atoms so that ions are formed. Let’s consider both types of bonds in detail.
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