The publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
<h3>What are cytokines?</h3>
Cytokines are molecules of the immune system that act during different types of immune responses, especially in inflammatory pathways.
Cytokines are mainly secreted by helper T immune cells (T cells) and macrophages.
In this case, the publication above mentioned uses different cytokine biomarkers to test inflammatory responses after orthodontic treatment (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, etc).
In conclusion, the publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
Learn more about cytokines here:
brainly.com/question/17215490
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The answer is Carbon Dioxide
DNA is the correct answer.
Hope it helps!
<h2>How would populations be impacted by climate change from increased greenhouse gases?</h2>
<h3><em><u>A)</u> Areas that experience droughts would experience increased precipitation.</em></h3>
B) There would be an increase in yield for crops from expanding drought areas.
C) Growing seasons would be altered for crops.
D) Water shortages would no longer be an issue.
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