The cytoplasm is a fluid substance that fills every living cell which is enclosed by the cell membrane. This substance is mainly composed of water and proteins.
The functions that take place within the eukaryotic cytoplasm are diverse:
- Location for most metabolic pathways. Except for the metabolic pahtways in cell nucleus and cytoplasmatic organelles, all metabolic functions (e.g., synthesis of biomolecules, growth, etc) occur in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contain enzymes (i.e., proteins) to carry out different chemical reactions.
- Location for organelles that house many of the metabolic pathways for the cell. For example, the synthesis of ATP (the energy coin of the cells) is carried out in the mitochondria, which are organelles found in the cytoplasm.
- Location for the cytoskeleton that gives integrity to the cell. The cytoplasm contains all of the three types of filaments of the cytoskeleton (i.e., microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments) which provides structural support to the cells.
On the other hand, in plant cells, the cell wall is located outside the cell membrane.
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The best option for this question is: '<span>It increases the amount of runoff</span>'. Plant life acts as a barrier to the overland flow of water, thereby slowing the flow and allowing increased infiltration of water into the soil. Deforestation and overgrazing are major contributors to erosion, as plants act to bind the soil, and their removal allows the combination of looser soil and increased runoff to move masses of sediment into rivers and lakes. Deforestation will in fact decrease transpiration and percolation and precipitation rather than increase them.
<span>. In light-dependent </span>reactions high energy electrons<span> help transform ADP and NADP into ATP and NADPH. These are then sent to power light-independent </span>reactions<span> that go onto create sugar. </span>
