The action potential has three main stages: depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. Depolarization is caused when positively charged sodium ions rush into a neuron with the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels.
Sensory neurons receive impulses and carry them from the sense organs to the spinal cord or brain. Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons and interpret the impulse. Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands.
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Both carbohydrates and lipids serve as sources of energy, but these compounds contain different capacities for energy storage. Each gram of carbohydrates stores 4 calories of energy, whereas each gram of lipid stores 9 calories. As a result, lipids serve as a more compact way to store energy, since it contains more energy per gram than carbohydrates.
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