Answer:
1) Margin of safety = $1,000,000 so that is c)
2) Margin of safety (%) = 20%, that is a)
Explanation:
Hi, first, we need to introduce the formulas to use.
Margin of safety (Dollars)
![MarginSafety=ActualSales-BEP(dollars)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=MarginSafety%3DActualSales-BEP%28dollars%29)
Margin of safety (%)
![MarginSafety=\frac{CurrentSales-BEP(dollars)}{CurrentSales} *100](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=MarginSafety%3D%5Cfrac%7BCurrentSales-BEP%28dollars%29%7D%7BCurrentSales%7D%20%2A100)
Where
BEP = Break even point in dollars
This means that we need to find the break even point first, the formula to use is:
![BEP(units)=\frac{FixedExpenses}{Price-VarExpense}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=BEP%28units%29%3D%5Cfrac%7BFixedExpenses%7D%7BPrice-VarExpense%7D)
From there, we need the break even point in dollars, so:
![BEP(dollars)=BEP(units)*Price](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=BEP%28dollars%29%3DBEP%28units%29%2APrice)
Everything should look like this
![BEP(units)\frac{1,000,000}{200-150} =20,000](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=BEP%28units%29%5Cfrac%7B1%2C000%2C000%7D%7B200-150%7D%20%3D20%2C000)
And the BEP in dollars is:
![BEP(dollars)=20,000*200=4,000,000](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=BEP%28dollars%29%3D20%2C000%2A200%3D4%2C000%2C000)
Now, we know that our actual level of sales is 25,000*$200=$5,000,000, therefore Ralph Corporation margin of safety is:
![MarginSafety=5,000,000-4,000,000=1,000,000](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=MarginSafety%3D5%2C000%2C000-4%2C000%2C000%3D1%2C000%2C000)
So, the answer is c. Ralph Corporation’s margin of safety in dollars is $1 million.
Now for the next part, everything should look like this.
![MarginSafety(percent)=\frac{5,000,000-4,000,000}{5,000,000} *100=20](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=MarginSafety%28percent%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B5%2C000%2C000-4%2C000%2C000%7D%7B5%2C000%2C000%7D%20%2A100%3D20)
Then, the answer is a. Ralph Corporation’s margin of safety in percentage is 20%
Best of luck.