Answer:
option B. cohesion..........tree.
[ Answer ]
Physiology
[ Explanation ]
Physiology is the study of the functions and mechanisms in which your body works. It is how your body keeps you alive and how each part functions differently. It is how your organs, organ systems and cells keep you alive. They all perform different functions, but they all work together. It is almost like a car. Each part is different. The brakes stop the car, the gas makes the car go, this does this and that does that. However, even though they are all different, they all have one job; to make the car go from one location to the other. Physiology is the study of how each organ or cell does it's job. They explore deeper and reveal it's actual function.
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Answer:
For the K category it wants you to fill in background information, for example, if you chose the Artificial Heart article. Have you read any stories or seen any movies about this topic? Have you met anyone with a heart transplant? The P category wants you to predict. What kind of information do you think you'll get from this topic? What do you think the authors purpose was? The L category is basically asking what you learned and how your predictions compared to the actual article.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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An example of an alternate path in the rock cycle could be sedimentary rock goes through melting and becomes magma.
