The answer to this question is active Genotype environment.
Active genotype environment interaction happen when a behavior from a certain individual will trigger responses from around that individual's environment. One example of this is when someone encourages her peers (her behavior will trigger other people to behave a certain way)
Because she may seem vulnerable and worthless so men may feel the need to show other how “manly” he can be and hurt her and torture the woman who is already in a frugal state
Answer:
A. Overland trade routes to Asia were controlled by the Ottoman Empire at that time.
Explanation:
During the 14th Century Ottomans started gaining control over the vast area that included Middle and Near East, Asia Minor, part of Balkan Peninsula. When they took Constantinople in 1453 they dominated the whole Mediterranean. The trade routes were in their control and it was not safe for merchants to pass through that area. That is why the Europeans started searching for a new sea route.
This is called Sharecropping.