There have always been conflicts between individual rights and national security interests in democracies. Limits on civil liberties during wartime, including restrictions on free speech, public assembly, and mass detentions, have been the most serious threats to individual freedom. Even in peacetime, counter-terrorist measures including profiling, detention, and exclusion, along with the use of national identification cards, have raised concerns about racism, constitutional violations, and the loss of privacy. With the passage of new anti-terrorist laws after September 11, 2001, these tensions have increased. Supporters of broader governmental powers insist that they are part of the increased security measures necessary to safeguard national security. In contrast, many civil rights groups fear that the infringement upon individual rights is another step in the erosion of democratic civil society.
Wartime measures. The severest restrictions on civil liberties have occurred in times of war. In September 1862, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) suspended the right of habeas corpus in order to allow federal authorities to arrest and detain suspected Confederate sympathizers without arrest warrants or speedy trials. Well aware of the drastic nature of such a step, Lincoln justified it as a necessary wartime measure. After the United States Supreme Court found Lincoln's abrogation of habeas corpus an unconstitutional intrusion on Congressional authority, Congress itself ratified the measure by passing the Habeas Corpus Act in September 1863. Through 1864, about 14,000 people were arrested under the act; about one in seven were detained at length in federal prisons, most on allegations of offering aid to the Confederacy but others on corruption and fraud charges.
Read more: http://www.faqs.org/espionage/In-Int/Intelligence-and-Democracy-Issues-and-Conflicts.html#ixzz4XX37pHRv
The correct answer is option number three.
Although originally there was no specific code of conduct for Knights, later on however, -somewhere toward the end of the Middle Ages- the Code of Chivalry was established to govern the conduct and behavior of Knights
This code formulated guidelines for all knights to follow such as:
all knights should be honorable, merciful, honest and loyal. It also bound knights to protect those in need, particularly the poor and anyone unable to protect themselves, particularly women and children.
Henry the Navigator - He is credited as the pioneer of the Age of Discoveries. He administratively led to the set up of these studies to enhance Portugal's maritime trade and exploration in other continents.
An Incan citade in the Andes mountains in Peru. (Above the Urubamba River Valley) The original use of it is not known, but we do know it was built in the 15th century.
