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4 years ago

Q7 Q11.) Use the dot product to determine whether v and w are orthogonal.

Mathematics

1 answer:

KIM [24]4 years ago

3 0

Dot product of two orthogonal vectors is always zero.

So let's do dot product:

v·w = (8i + 7j) · (6i - j) = (8)(6) + (7)(-1) = 41 which is not zero

So v and w are not orthogonal.

Hope this helps.

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Step-by-step explanation:

To prove that $w_1,\dots w_n$ form a basis for W, we must check that this set is a set of linearly independent vector and it generates the whole space W. We are given that T is an isomorphism. That is, T is injective and surjective. A linear transformation is injective if and only if it maps the zero of the domain vector space to the codomain's zero and that is the only vector that is mapped to 0. Also, a linear transformation is surjective if for every vector w in W there exists v in V such that T(v) =w

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$\lambda_1 = \cdots = \lambda_n$ .

Recall that $w_i = T(v_i)$ for i=1,...,n. Consider $T^{-1}$ to be the inverse transformation of T. Consider the equation

$\lambda_1w_1+\dots \lambda_n w_n=0$

If we apply $T^{-1}$ to this equation, then, we get

$T^{-1}(\lambda_1w_1+\dots \lambda_n w_n) =T^{-1}(0) = 0$

Since T is linear, its inverse is also linear, hence

$T^{-1}(\lambda_1w_1+\dots \lambda_n w_n) = \lambda_1T^{-1}(w_1)+\dots + \lambda_nT^{-1}(w_n)=0$

which is equivalent to the equation

$\lambda_1v_1+\dots + \lambda_nv_n =0$

Since $v_1,\dots,v_n$ are linearly independt, this implies that $\lambda_1=\dots \lambda_n =0$ , so the set $\{w_1, \dots, w_n\}$ is linearly independent.

Now, we will prove that this set generates W. To do so, let w be a vector in W. We must prove that there exist $a_1, \dots a_n$ such that

$w = a_1w_1+\dots+a_nw_n$

Since T is surjective, there exists a vector v in V such that T(v) = w. Since $v_1,\dots, v_n$ is a basis of v, there exist $a_1,\dots a_n$ , such that

$a_1v_1+\dots a_nv_n=v$

Then, applying T on both sides, we have that

$T(a_1v_1+\dots a_nv_n)=a_1T(v_1)+\dots a_n T(v_n) = a_1w_1+\dots a_n w_n= T(v) =w$

which proves that $w_1,\dots w_n$ generate the whole space W. Hence, the set $\{w_1, \dots, w_n\}$ is a basis of W.

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