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Phantasy [73]
3 years ago
9

13. Suppose a population is carrying a condition controlled by two alleles: R (dominant) and r (recessive). If the frequency of

the r allele is 15%, and the frequency of the R allele is 85%, what will be the frequency of the RR genotype, assuming evolution is not occurring?
Biology
2 answers:
Brut [27]3 years ago
3 0
The frequency of RR is found by squaring the frequency of R. The answer is about .72 or 72 %
Nookie1986 [14]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Frequency of the RR genotype = 72.25

Explanation:

Here Hardy Weinberg's equation would be applicable as it is assumed that evolution is not occurring.

As per Hardy Weinberg's equation, the frequency of recessive allele is represented by "q"

Here, q = 0.15

And the frequency of dominant allele is represented by "p"

Here, p = 0.85

So the frequency of the RR genotype, i,e the homozygous dominant genotype is represented by

p^{2} = 0.85^2\\= 0.7225\\= 72.25

You might be interested in
Three linked autosomal loci were studied in smurfs.
cupoosta [38]

Answer:

height -------- color --------- mood

           (13.2cM)      (14.5cM)

C=0.421

I = 0.579

Explanation:

We have the number of descendants of each phenotype product of the tri-hybrid cross.

Phenotype Number

  • pink, tall, happy            580
  • blue, dwarf, gloomy     601
  • pink, tall, gloomy         113
  • blue, dwarf, happy      107
  • blue, tall, happy              8
  • pink, dwarf, gloomy        6
  • blue, tall, gloomy          98
  • pink, dwarf, happy      101

Total number of individuals = 1614 = N

Knowing that the genes are linked, we can calculate genetic distances between them. First, we need to know their order in the chromosome, and to do so, we need to compare the phenotypes of the parental with the ones of the double recombinants. We can recognize the parental in the descendants because their phenotypes are the most frequent, while the double recombinants are the less frequent. So:

Parental)

  • Pink, tall, happy            580 individuals
  • Blue, dwarf, gloomy      601 individuals

Simple recombinant)

  • Pink Tall Gloomy           113 individuals
  • Blue, Dwarf, Happy       107 individuals
  • Blue Tall Gloomy             98 individuals
  • Pink Dwarf Happy          101 individuals

Double Recombinant)  

  • Blue Tall Happy                 8 individuals
  • Pink  Dwarf Gloomy           6 individuals  

Comparing them we realize that parental and double recombinant individuals differ in the position of the gene codifying for <u>color</u><u>.</u> They only change in the position of Blue and Pink. This suggests that the position of the color gene is in the middle of the other two genes, height and mood, because in a double recombinant only the central gene changes position in the chromatid.  

So, the alphabetic order of the genes is:

---- height ---- color ----- mood ----

Now we will call Region I to the area between Height and Color, and Region II to the area between Color and Mood.

Once established the order of the genes we can calculate distances between them, and we will do it from the central gene to the genes on each side. First We will calculate the recombination frequencies, and we will do it by region. We will call P1 to the recombination frequency between Height and color genes, and P2 to the recombination frequency between color and mood.

P1 = (R + DR) / N

P2 = (R + DR)/ N

Where: R is the number of recombinants in each region (the ones that have an intermediate phenotypic frequency), DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals.  So:

Region I

Tall------ Pink--------happy  (Parental) 580 individuals

Dwarf ---Pink------- Happy (Simple Recombinant) 101 individuals

Dwarf--- Pink-------Gloomy (Double Recombinant) 6 individuals

Dwarf----Blue-------Gloomy (Parental) 601 individuals

Tall ------Blue------- Gloomy (Simple Recombinant)  98 individuals

Tall ----- Blue------- Happy   (Double Recombinant) 8 individuals  

Region II

Tall------ Pink--------happy (Parental) 580 individuals

Tall-------Pink------- Gloomy (Simple Recombinant) 113 individuals

Dwarf----Pink------- Gloomy (Double Recombinant) 6 individuals

Dwarf----Blue-------Gloomy (Parental) 601 individuals

Dwarf ----Blue-------Happy (Simple Recombinant) 107 individuals

Tall ----- Blue------- Happy   (Double Recombinant) 8 individuals

In each region, the highlighted traits are the ones that suffered recombination.

  • P1 = (R + DR) / N

P1 = (101+6+98+8)/1614

P1 = 213/1614

P1 = 0.132    

  • P2= = (R + DR) / N

P2 = (113+6+107+8)/1614

P1 = 234/1614

P1 = 0.145

Now, to calculate the recombination frequency between the two extreme genes, height and mood, we can just perform addition or a sum:

  • P1 + P2= Pt

0.132 + 0.145 = Pt

0.277=Pt

The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).  

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which every 100 meiotic products, one results in a recombinant product.  

Now we must multiply each recombination frequency by 100 to get the genetic distance in map units:

GD1= P1 x 100 = 0.132 x 100 = 13.2 MU = 13.2 cM

GD2= P2 x 100 = 0.145 x 100 = 14.5 MU = 14.5 cM

GD3=Pt x 100 = 0.277 x 100 = 27.7 MU = 27.7 cM

To calculate the coefficient of coincidence, CC, we must use the next formula:

CC= observed double recombinant frequency/expected double recombinant frequency

Note:  

-observed double recombinant frequency=total number of observed double recombinant individuals/total number of individuals

-expected double recombinant frequency: recombination frequency in region I x recombination frequency in region II.

  • CC= ((6 + 8)/1614)/0.132x0.145

        CC=0.008/0.019

        CC=0.421

The coefficient of interference, I, is complementary with CC.

I = 1 - CC

I = 1 - 0.421

I = 0.579

8 0
3 years ago
Most organisms take it nitrogen from the air or water and use it to carry out life processes.
Anon25 [30]

True, organisms take in nitrogen and carry out life processes.

3 0
2 years ago
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Do you think geothermal energy is a renewable resource? Why or why not? What are the benefits of using this energy to power home
Keith_Richards [23]
Geothermal is a renewable energy, because it is from the heat produced by the earth. The earth gets heat from the sun, which will be there for the next million of years. Geothermal has benefits, because if we harness the use of it, instead of mining out all of our coal and oil, we can use this for a long run, and only leave non-renewable energy resources for backup. However, there are consequences to communities and surroundings. The geothermal only benefits when the earth is warm. When the earth becomes too warm, we wouldn't even need the energy anymore cuz everythings dead. So we can use this, but overall we must try to lower the amount of resources that produce this thing as possible.. ( use other renewable energy)

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2 years ago
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The structure of the spinal cord can be described as (1) composed of thirty-one segments (2) having a cervical enlargement and a
tensa zangetsu [6.8K]

Answer: The structure of the spinal cord can be described as consisting of all the above named.

Explanation:The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous extension known as the filum terminale.

It is about 45 cm (18 in) long in men and around 43 cm (17 in) in women, ovoid-shaped, and is enlarged in the cervical and lumbar regions.

6 0
3 years ago
In multicellular organisms, the mechanism most directly responsible for directing development and maintaining homeostasis is gen
azamat

Answer:

In multicellular organisms, the mechanism most directly responsible for directing development and maintaining homeostasis is gene "regulation"

Explanation:

Even though the organs present throughout the body helps in maintaining the homeostasis, But the systems like endocrine system and nervous system plays important role in sustaining and regulating it.  The gene regulation is the increase and decrease of the specific gene products. Gene regulation can also be understood as the regulating process which helps in controlling ability of the cell to the environmental changes or can say the adaptability of the cell to changing environment done by gene regulation.

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