Desertification:Desertification is a type of land degradation in drylands in which biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly arid.
Deforestation: the action of clearing a wide area of trees.
Climate change: Climate change describes a change in the average conditions — such as temperature and rainfall — in a region over a long period of time. NASA scientists have observed Earth's surface is warming, and many of the warmest years on record have happened in the past 20 years.
Extinction:
the state or process of being or becoming extinct.
Answer:
Empirical evidence for a proposition is evidence, i.e. what supports or counters this proposition, that is constituted by or accessible to sense experience or experimental procedure. Empirical evidence is of central importance to the sciences and plays a role in various other fields, like epistemology and law.
Explanation:
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A scientific model is a simplified version of some phenomenon that takes place in natural systems. A scientific model can be visual (flow charts), graphical, conceptual, or mathematical. These models are used to make predictions about how a set of conditions would change the present scenario in future. Scientific models can explain how the ongoing changes in the environment can show long term affect on our planet like the climate change. Therefore, a scientific model can be used to explain the phenomena like the effect of global air temperatures on the mean sea level around the world.
<span>The ion concentration measure the ability of water to conduct an electric current. </span>
Answer:
Ksp = 1.08 × 10⁻⁷
Explanation:
Given data:
Solubility of PbF₂ = 0.74 g/L
Ksp for PbF₂ = ?
Solution:
PbF₂ → Pb⁺² + 2F⁻
Number of moles dissolved = 0.74 g/L /245.2 g/mol
Number of moles dissolved = 0.003 M
[Pb⁺²] = 0.003 M
[F⁻] = 0.003 M × 2 = 0.006 M
Ksp = [Pb⁺²] [F⁻]²
Ksp = (0.003 ) (0.006 )²
Ksp = (0.003 ) (3.6 ×10⁻⁵)
Ksp = 1.08 × 10⁻⁷