The general structure of a string quartet is:
Violin I
Violin II
Viola
Cello
The Violin I plays the Soprano parts, the Violin II plays the Alto parts, the Viola plays the Tenor parts, and the Cello plays the Bass parts. The two most important parts of a string quartet are the Violin I and Cello. The Violin I and the Cello the melody plays the counterpoint, while the Violin II and Viola parts are filler parts that are there to make the piece sound nicer.
What Frère Jacques has to do with Mahler's first symphony is that Frère Jacques' song was infused in the third movement of Gustav Mahler's first symphony.
Not only that, Gustav Mahler intended to change the symphony from minor key to major key as his first symphony was a funeral march.
Thus, Frere Jacques's song contains the major key, while the rest of the symphony has a minor key.
Gustav Mahler's first symphony has four-movement structures.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that Frère Jacques' song was infused in the third movement of Gustav Mahler's first symphony.
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