In Africa, a number of specialized occupations developed ,highly skilled metal smiths developed more effcient tool that increase agricultral produtivity. they also produce improved weapons ,which became important in the expansion of kingdoms.
All of them are Principles of Government.
<em>Individual rights</em> are unalienable rights that are guaranteed to all citizens.
<em>Popular sovereignty</em> means that the authority of the government comes from the people that elect their representatives.
<em>Separation of Powers</em> is a separation of responsibility and limitations that are given to each branch. The system of <em>check and balances</em> is also a part of this, giving each branch a way to limit other branch and control it.
<em>Federalism</em> is a system of government that divides the power into national and state governments.
My answer is for the United States.
Briefly, the bill has to pass both the Senate and the House of Representatives and it must not be vetoed by the president. That is how something becomes a federal law.
A state law is much the same way except the governor takes the place of the president. If there is only 1 house in the state then it goes from the house of representatives to the Governor who has 10 days to veto it. Nebraska is the only state without a senate.