Ans: Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell.
A cladogram is an image or a diagram that shows us an evolutionary relationship between different organisms. Up at the top we find the different organisms and their names. Along the side is where we find their characteristics. Anything that is past each characteristic will have that characteristic as you move up the cladogram. This diagram also shows which organisms are most closely related to one another.
Please see the image for an example. In this example we can see that the Koalas evolved after the trout.
I hope this helps, Regards.
Edit
Viruses reproduce within the living cells of the host and use the cellular machinery to synthesize their own genome and other components. To gain entry into cells, they have developed a variety of mechanisms to introduce their genes and proteins into host cells.
It’s a bc they both need a wavelength