The pigments have a similar
structure of 40 carbon atoms covalently bonded in a chain. Carotenoids contain oxygen atoms in their chemical structure (retinyl functional group) while
xanthophyll does not. This makes carotenoids more non-polar compared to xanthophylls,
hence move farthest in chromatography
paper using a nonpolar mobile phase. Chlorophyll
pigment, on the other hand, has chlorin rings (which are larger) as functional
units hence move slowly in chromatography.
Photosynthetic rates
can be measured by either the amount of
oxygen they consume per particular time period
or the amount of carbon dioxide produced per particular time period. This
is conducted while immersed in water so
as to measure bubble rate formation in case of oxygen production or the change
in water pH in the case of carbon dioxide consumption.
When autumn approaches, the amount
sunlight received by the plant is reduced due to longer night than days. Deciduous trees have adapted by losing
chlorophyll a and b pigments (most important in photosynthesis)
during this time. This leaves a higher amount of the other red and yellow pigments hence making the leaves change from
green to yellow-red.
It is believed that this
is the result of an ancient endosymbiotic
relationship between a protist and a
eukaryotic cell. The protist generates energy
that the eukaryotic can utilize in its growth and reproduction while
the protist is sheltered. This relationship became obligatory symbiosis over
time.
Answer No 1:
Process 1 is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration can be described as a process in which glucose and oxygen are converted into water and carbon dioxide. ATP is released by this process which is used as an energy source.
Process 2 is anaerobic respiration. It is a process which occurs in the absence of oxygen. This process will also yield ATP.
Answer No 2:
The process 1, cellular respiration, is known to produce 38 molecules of ATP. Out of these, 2 molecules are the result from the process of glycolysis, 2 molecules arise from Kreb's cycle, rest 34 are known to occur from the electron transport chain.
The process of anaerobic respiration is known to make 2 molecules of ATP in total.
I recall that Professor Kwang had observed amoebas that had cannibalized bacteria cells. The bacteria were slaughtering the amoebas, but somehow some survived. This particular group of amoebas contained bacteria that thrived inside it. Hence the name, endosymbiosis. However, this lucky group and it's offspring could not survive without bacteria.
It has changed their economy because without space exploration, we wouldn't have such advanced technologies. They have given jobs to many people due to a new workforce. It has changed cultural views so we now understand space better
In terms of communication, information is expressed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.
