External intercostal muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration.
<h3>what are the function of External intercostal muscles ?</h3>
Intercostal muscles are the group of muscles present between the ribs that create and move the chest wall.
The muscles have three layers such as external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, and the innermost intercostal muscles.
These muscles are supplied by intercostal nerves, intercostal veins, and intercostal arteries.
The external intercostal muscles are involved in forced and quiet inhalation.
They are involved in expansion of ribs and the chest cavity and originate from ribs.
The internal intercostal muscles are involved in forced exhalation but they depress the ribs and decrease space in the chest cavity.
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1 to 2 Felt slightly by some people. No damage to buildings.
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3 to 4 </span><span>Often felt by people, but very rarely causes damage. Shaking of indoor objects can be noticeable.
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<span>5 to 6 <span>Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises. Felt by most people in the affected area. Slightly felt outside. Generally causes none to minimal damage. Moderate to significant damage very unlikely. Some objects may fall off shelves or be knocked over.
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just look up Richter Magnitude scale </span></span>
Answer:
a. substantia nigra
b. substantia nigra (it is repeated)
Explanation:
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is caused by the death of neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine in the <u>substantia nigra</u>, or locus niger, -a region of the brain that regulates brain circuits that give the 'orders' to initiate voluntary movements- .
The lack of this neurotransmitter leads to the occurrence of the main symptoms suffered by patients: decreased movements, muscle stiffness, postural instability and tremor. These failures are generated by the abnormal way in which neurons work in the absence of dopamine through a mechanism that is not known in depth.
It is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, with a prevalence of 2% in people over 65 years. The characteristic symptoms of stiffness, bradykinesia and tremor are associated with losses of neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum. There are large cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, which are the pathological mark of the disease and appear predominantly in neurons that contain melanin of the nigra substance. Genetic studies in a subgroup of families with Parkinson's disease with autosomal dominant inheritance found a locus on chromosome 4q-21 23 and a mutation in the gene that encodes a synaptic protein, α-synuclein.
<span>Organisms that can produce their own nutrients are called autotrophs, while the organisms that cannot produce their own food are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs obtain the materials from the food they eat while autotrophs make their own nutrients. Hope this answers the question.</span>