-2/3x +1/3 +x = 2/5
⇒ 1/3x + 1/3 = 2/5
⇒ 1/3x = 2/5 -1/3
⇒ x/3 = 1/15
⇒ 15x = 3
⇒ x = 3/15
⇒ x = 1/5
There are 10 people and you want each of them to have 3 cupcakes. So multiply 10x3, which is 30. Then divide 30 by 8. You can't do that without a remainder though. So you round up to the nearest multiple of 8, which is 32. Then divide 32 by 8, which is 4. So tell dad to bake 4 batches, and the rest is for your dessert tomorrow.
---
hope it helps
Yes. The Pythagorean theorem a^2+b^2=c^2
10^2=24^2=100+576=676=26^2