Richard is a 72-year-old veteran with a history of end-stage bilateral knee osteoarthritis. He underwent right total knee arthro
plasty (TKA) 3 days ago. He is currently taking oxycodone 5 mg with ibuprofen 800 mg three times daily for moderate post-op pain. He has a history of major depression that includes high levels of anxiety symptoms (anxious depression) which is treated with citalopram 20 mg daily and quetiapine 300 mg daily.
KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS can be defined as a joint disease that affect a person in which the articular cartilage of the person knee begin to result in wear and tear whuch may eventually leads to disability in the affected person. Although this type of disease mostly affect older adult. WHILE persistent postsurgical pain can be see as the type of pain that often last more that 3 month after a person might have undergo surgery.
Therefore Based on Richard history the risk factor for chronic persistent postsurgical knee pain in Richard is due to HIS HISTORY OF ANXIOUS DEPRESSION and due to the fact that the depression also includes high levels of anxiety symptoms.
