Coolie was a pejorative word for Chinese indentured laborers, whose living conditions were similar to slavery.
Being a slave, who is unable to leave the duty they are performing for an enslaver and who is treated as the enslaver's property, is both the state and the condition of being an enslaved person. Typically, slavery entails the enslaved individual being forced to labor and having their location or place of residence determined by the enslaver.
Many historical instances of slavery took place as a result of criminal activity, debt, or military loss; other types of slavery were established along demographic lines, such as race. A person may be held in captivity for all of time or for a certain amount of time before being released.
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Answer:
The Crusades were Christian military movements towards the Holy Land in order to occupy and keep it under Christian rule.
- 11th century Europe was thriving. With the end of the barbarian invasions, a period of stability and an increase in trade began. Consequently, the population has also grown. In the feudal world, only the firstborn inherited the feuds, which resulted in many men for little land. The men, with no land to make a living, plunged into crime, stealing, looting and kidnapping. Something needed to be done.
- As stated earlier, the Christian world was divided. Because they disagreed with some dogmas of the Roman Church (worship of saints, demand for indulgences, etc.), Eastern Catholics founded the Orthodox Church. Jerusalem, the Holy Land, belonged to the Arab domain and until the 11th century they allowed Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land. But at the end of the 11th century, peoples of Central Asia, the Seldjuk Turks, took Jerusalem. Converted to Islam, the Seldjúcidas were quite intolerant and prohibited the access of Christians to Jerusalem.
- In 1095, Pope Urban II called for expeditions to retake the Holy Land. The crusaders (as the dispatchers became known) received this name for carrying a large cross, the main symbol of Christianity, stamped on their clothing. In exchange for participation, they would gain the forgiveness of their sins.
- The Church was not the only one interested in the success of these expeditions: the feudal nobility was interested in the conquest of new lands; mercantilist cities like Venice and Genoa were dazzled by the possibility of expanding their business to the East and everyone was interested in oriental spices, due to their high value, such as: black pepper, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon and others. Moved by faith and ambition, between the 11th and 13th centuries, eight Crusades left for the East.
The textiles and masonry industry.
