<u>Answer:</u>
19.15
<u>Step-by-step explanation:</u>
16.80 x 5% = 0.84
16.80 - 0.84 = 15.96
15.96 x 20% = 3.19
15.96 + 3.19 = 19.15
I assume each path
is oriented positively/counterclockwise.
(a) Parameterize
by

with
. Then the line element is

and the integral reduces to

The integrand is symmetric about
, so

Substitute
and
. Then we get

(b) Parameterize
by

with
. Then

and

Integrate by parts with



(c) Parameterize
by

with
. Then

and

Answer: A>7
Step-by-step explanation: