The cattles are heterozygous for both the traits (horns and feet). This means that the genotype of the cattles is PpCc, and the phenotype of these cattles is 'no horns and cloven hooves'. The gametes formed will be : PC , Pc , pc , pC.
The cross between them is shown in the attached punnet square. Now, the number of off springs having the same phenotype as the parents (that is no horns and cloven hooves) are 9.
So, the probability of the off spring having the same phenotype as the parent cattles is (9 ÷ 16) × 100 = 56.25 %.
Clones? I believe that this is the answer.
Answer: Chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis
Explanation:
Chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis.
The coupling of oxidation with phosphorylation is termed oxidative phosphorylation.
The Chemiosmotic hypothesis state that electron transport chain and ATP synthesis are coupled by a proton gradient across a semi permeable membrane. The transport of protons from inside to outside of inner mitochondrial membrane is accompanied by the generation of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Protons (H+ ions) accumulate outside the membrane, creating an electrochemical potential difference. This proton motive force drives the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase complex.
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