The three bottom line in the social responsibility are :
- Economic
- Social
- Environment
This three bottom lines could directly affect each other. For example, as the company experienced an economic growth, it could increase the quality of the social and environmental element around the company through various Corporate social responsibilities.
Answer:
Consider the following explanation
Explanation:
a) J. Crew is issuing its catalogs monthly in response to inflation. This will incur cost and it is known as 'Menu Cost'.
b) Grandpa has bought annuity which has promised $10,000 a year for the rest of his life. However, higher than expected inflation means grandpa has lesser purchasing power. This is loss of purchasing power and also 'redistribution cost'. In higher inflation borrower tends to get benefit. Here insurance company is at the gain.
c) Maria is witnessing loss of purchasing power because of hyper inflation. In such scenario, cost keeps rising and product's price could be higher a few hours later. This was witnessed in Germany as well as in Zimbabwe. People run to the stores as soon as they get cash or salary. It is known as 'shoe leather cost'. People make frequent trips to banks or stores but do not keep cash in fear of losing value.
d) Gita actually earned only 5% on her portfolio but as her income is in taxable bracket so she has to pay 20% tax. Her income from portfolio not even compensated inflation. This is a redistribution cost and also known as fiscal drag. More people fall into bracket because higher nominal income but real income is neglected which makes people worse off.
e) Father thinks that son is earning far more than him but inflation over the period of time erodes purchasing power and it could be possible that current income might be lower, same or higher comparing to inflation data. However, if it is lower then it is obviously loss of purchasing power.
Answer:
a. Briefly discuss what is meant by audit risk, inherent risk and control risk.
Audit risk is the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated.
Audit Risk = Inherent Risk x Control Risk x Detection Risk
Auditors will want their overall audit risk to be at an acceptable level. Inappropriate opinion will result in damages / costs
Inherent risk is the susceptibility of an assertion to a misstatement that could be material individually or when aggregated with other misstatements, assuming there were no related internal controls.
Control risk is the risk that a material misstatement, that could occur in an assertion and that could be material will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis by the entity's internal control.
b. What level of detection risk is implicit in this problem?
Detection risk is the risk that the procedures performed by the auditor to reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level will not detect a misstatement
In this case the detection risk given is 0.41.
As flat fee =
57.50 - 5000*0.01 = 7.50
<span>Let fee per share = x </span>
so it would be
<span> y = 0.01x + 7.5
so i conclude correct option fro above statement is
B
hope it helps</span>
