Um what is this supposed to be
The correct answer is A. When California applied for statehood, the Southern states feared that they would lose equality in the Senate. Before the admission of California, Southern slavist states and Northern free states had the same number of Senators. But when California was admitted in 1850, it entered into the Union as a free state, so it created a power disbalance for the Southern states, giving to extra votes to the abolitionist states.
They were important because they were not controlled by the government or the church. Therefore they were free to explore in scientific experiments as much as they wanted without these controls.
Many of the Catholic priest were killed. So I’d say yes Catholic people were killed in the Holocaust.