The civilization of the Indus Valley had a well developed measurement system, using weights and measurement scales. The smallest scale from the Bronze Age period was found in the region; made in ivory, it was marked with a division of 1.704 milimiters. They used decimal units for measuring weights also. And although the exact measurements for a weight unit (generally 28 grams) varied from region to region, the scale of 5:2:1 was followed when measuring amounts of said units.
For people in the modern world, there may be nothing more difficult to comprehend than the group calling itself the Islamic State, or ISIS. The beheadings, rapes, and other acts of cruelty seem beyond understanding, as does the wanton destruction of priceless ancient monuments. Perhaps most mystifying of all is the way ISIS has been able to recruit young men — and even some young women — from the industrialized West, particularly Europe: the conventional wisdom is that the cure for ethnic and religious violence is “development,” education, and the opportunities provided by free markets. This seems not to be the case.
Because of the mainstream media’s narrow and often misplaced focus, it’s not surprising that most Westerners believe that religious extremism is primarily a problem of Islam. But the fighting in Syria and Iraq is not the only ethnic or religious conflict underway. There has been violence between Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka, Buddhists and Hindus in Bhutan, Hindus and Sikhs in Punjab, Eritreans and Ethiopians in the Horn of Africa, Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda, ethnic Russians and Ukrainians in the former Soviet Union, and many more. The fact is, fanaticism, fundamentalism, and ethnic conflict have been growing for many decades—and not just in the Islamic world.
Failure to recognize this trend can lead to the belief that terrorism is a product of nothing more than religious extremism and will end when secular market-based democracies are established throughout the world. Unfortunately the reality is far more complex, and unless we address the underlying causes of conflict and terrorism, a more peaceful and secure future will remain elusive.
To really understand the rise of religious fundamentalism and ethnic conflict we need to look at the deep impacts of the global consumer culture on living cultures throughout the planet. Doing so allows us not only to better understand ISIS and similar groups, but also to see a way forward that lessens violence on all sides.
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Crowds, mobs, riots, rumors, etc.
Answer:
The development of the law of the countries of the Ancient East was historically determined. Reflecting the tendency inherent in the law of all peoples who were at the initial stage of development of legal thought, it remained common for a long time and only gradually became written. The law consisted mainly of records of the most frequently occurring cases from judicial practice. Expressing clearly a class orientation, it also retained a nationwide mission. The most important surviving monuments of the law of the Ancient East - the laws of Hammurabi (Babylon) and the laws of Manu (Ancient India) - confirm both the first and second. Moreover, the laws of Manu particularly clearly fix one of the first approaches in the history of jurisprudence to the problem of combining law and morality, law and religion. Violation of a legal norm was also considered as a violation of moral and religious regulations.
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