Question

What 20th century discovery has been instrumental to the field of genetic engineering by allowing researchers to cut and splice specific dna fragments into microorganisms?

Answer 1

Gene editing.

Gene editing, is based  on a the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. It allows researchers to customize a living organism’s genetic sequence by making very specific changes to its DNA. Gene editing has a wide array of applications, being used for the genetic modification of crop plants and animals.