I think it is answer A, Common law because it is derived from custom and judicial precedent.
Johannes Gutenburg is the person you are looking for.
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The fourteenth point proposed what was to become the League of Nations to guarantee the “political independence and territorial integrity [of] great and small states alike.” Though Wilson's idealism pervades the Fourteen Points, he also had more practical objectives in mind.
Explanation:
I might be wrong but I believe it was Afghanistan...?