Gymnosperms are no longer restricted to moist environments, as are ferns and mosses because they have evolved to produce non-flagellated pollens that do not require water or moisture to reach the egg whereas ferns and mosses have flagellated sperm that needs moisture to swim towards the egg.
Another major evolutionary adaption in gymnosperms is the production of seeds instead of spores since seeds contain their own nutrition in the form of endosperm, seeds can travel large distances through wind or animals and can germinate when they find suitable conditions. Seeds can remain dormant for several years whereas spores have a shorter lifespan.
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Answer:
1. Substitution
2. Insertion and deletion
3. Amino acids can have more than one codon that signals for it. Due to this, some substitutions don’t affect the protein at all.
Explanation:
1. Substitution sometimes isn’t as impactful. It can result in the same amino acid to be signaled as the original one since amino acids can have more than one codon signaling for it.
2. Insertion and deletion are also known as frameshift mutations. This is because they shift the codon spots by adding or deleting a nucleotide.
Answer:
Leaf cells contain chloroplasts. Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts as they hold vitality from the sun. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which influences leaves to seem green.
The tissues of the leaf in the middle of the epidermal cells, into which gases diffuse from the stomata, are called mesophyll. The mesophyll can be additionally separated into two layers, the palisade layer, and the springy layer, both of which are stuffed with chloroplasts, the production lines of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
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The correct answers are:
1. Barrier island;
The barrier islands are island formed from the deposition of sediments, relatively close to the coastline. They are often in a linear shape, parallel to the shore, and being attractive tourist places.
2. Steep and rapidly exposed;
The cliffs are rocky structures that appear on the coastline itself. They are very steep, vertical, or even bent over the water bellow them, and they rise sharply above the water.
3. False;
The coastlines are changing constantly. The reason for that are the weathering and erosion processes, the deposition of sediments, as well as the rise or fall of the sea level.
