Answer:
The Deutsche Mark (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈmaʁk] (About this soundlisten), "German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or "D-Mark" [ˈdeːˌmaʁk] (About this soundlisten), was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until 2002. It was first issued under Allied occupation in 1948 to replace the Reichsmark, and served as the Federal Republic of Germany's official currency from its founding the following year until the adoption of the euro. In English it is commonly called the "Deutschmark" (/ˈdɔɪtʃmɑːrk/); this expression is unknown in Germany.[citation needed] The Germans usually called it D-Mark when referring to the currency, and Mark when talking about individual sums.[citation needed]
In 1999, the Deutsche Mark was replaced by the euro; its coins and banknotes remained in circulation, defined in terms of euros, until the introduction of euro notes and coins on 1 January 2002. The Deutsche Mark ceased to be legal tender immediately upon the introduction of the euro—in contrast to the other eurozone nations, where the euro and legacy currency circulated side by side for up to two months. Mark coins and banknotes continued to be accepted as valid forms of payment in Germany until 28 February 2002.
The Deutsche Bundesbank has guaranteed that all German marks in cash form may be changed into euros indefinitely, and one may do so in person at any branch of the Bundesbank in Germany. Banknotes and coins can even be sent to the Bundesbank by mail.[2] In 2012, it was estimated that as many as 13.2 billion marks were in circulation, with one poll showing a narrow majority of Germans favouring the currency's restoration (although a minority believed this would not bring any economic benefit).[3]
On 31 December 1998, the Council of the European Union fixed the irrevocable exchange rate, effective 1 January 1999, for German mark to euros as DM 1.95583 = €1.[4]
One Deutsche Mark was divided into 100 pfennige.
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Answer:
The Mazama ash is an example of a marker bed.
Explanation:
Marker beds are distinct strata that are found in other sites in the same region. They can give evidence to age of sediments in a new site if they’ve been assigned a date in other sites. The Mazama ash is consisted of fragments that were ejected into the air by a volcanic eruption of the Mount Mazama, from Oregon Cascades. It blew up 6900 years ago and the ashes were carried by the wind. When the ash settled, it created a marker bed.
Between 1945 and 1960, three dozen new states in Asia and Africa<span> achieved autonomy or outright independence from their European </span>colonial<span> rulers. There was no one process of decolonization
Love Expiant~</span>
Answer:
The Muslim conquest of Africa affected the kingdom of Aksum badly and it started to decline.
Explanation:
- The African kingdom Axum was located on the edge of the Northern highlands of Red Sea.
- It was discovered during the first century, expanded from 3rd to 6th century, and then survived as a small political entity after Muslims took it. It had caused the shift of power southward.
- The Persians ended involvement of Ethiopians in southern Arabia and the Muslims replaced the previous Aksumites of the Red Sea.
Answer:
The African states' government betrayed their people. In order to thrive knowing that they could lose land if the British strike them, they gave their people away in return for guns and weaponry. Some states fought back and most lost. Others complied with the British orders and gave them slaves.
