The correct answer is C. Jaye, who has three dogs, just adopted a puppy from the shelter.
Explanation:
A non-restrictive modifier is a clause or phrase that describes a noun. Additionally, this differs from other modifiers because this is not essential. This implies the modifier is enclosed by commas and can be deleted without making the sentence incomplete.
In this context, the only option that includes a correctly punctuated non-restrictive modifier is "Jaye, who has three dogs, just adopted a puppy from the shelter" because the section "who has three dogs" describes the noun "Jaye", this modifier can be omitted, which means it is not essential and it is enclosed by commas.
The answer is D.
In both speaking and writing, you are trying to convey a message. Even if you are just telling a story, or writing a fictional novel, you then want to take your audience to this made up place. You need details, but more importantly, you need words that are best suited to your audience. You have to be precise. If it's a younger audience, you wouldn't use complicated words, but if you're talking/writing about the subject of your phd, you're going to use a more technical language.
C is the best definition in that set for the word disjunction