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In contrast, a confederation is a group of sovereign states united by common interests. A confederation is headed by a central governing body elected by the member states. In a federation, authority and power is lawfully divided between the federal government and its member states by its constitution
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Labeling.
Explanation:
As the exercise suggests, the process of labeling involves classifying a student with a label, usually due to their ability, potential, attitude or behaviour. In this case, the student who acts bored (who could act like this because the class itself is boring, not because he is a bad student) is being labeled as a bad student by a teacher. Even though in this case this process ends up being negative, it could happen the other way round: he could participate a lot, have good grades and then he would be classified as a good student.
Speed processing is one of the main elements in the cognitive process, so this is a key element for learning, intellectual development, reasoning and experience. Some people can achieve any task faster than others, but it doesn’t mean that the one “slow” is less intelligent, he just takes more time to finish the same task.
Slow processing is not a learning problem and it is not related with intelligence, but it can impact in all stages of learning. In this way, speed can contribute to learning difficulties such as ADHD, dyslexia, dyscalculia or auditory processing disorder.
It can also be impaired when coexists with autism spectrum disorders, and in other pathologies such as dementias or diseases such as schizophrenia.
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after conditioning.
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What is classical conditioning?</u></h3>
- Classical conditioning is a behavioral technique in which a biologically powerful stimulus (such food) is combined with a previously neutral stimulus.
- It is sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning or responder conditioning (e.g. a bell).
- It also describes the process of learning that follows this pairing, in which the neutral stimulus eventually learns to elicit a response (such as salivation) that is typically similar to the one induced by the powerful stimulus.
- Operant conditioning, often known as instrumental conditioning, is a type of conditioning in which the strength of a voluntary behavior is altered by rewarding or punishing it.
Opportunistic responses may be reinforced by classically conditioned stimuli. However, classical conditioning can have a variety of effects on operant conditioning.
Know more about classical conditioning with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/12691454
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One of the primary reasons for the reinvigoration of slavery was the invention and rapid widespread adoption of the cotton gin. This machine allowed Southern planters to grow a variety of cotton - short staple cotton - that was especially well suited to the climate of the Deep South.
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