A. criticizing the expense of reconstruction programs
I think number 2 is correct im not sure .. but lmk if im wrong
The correct answer is - True.
Prior to the Mughal invasion, India was divided into multiple smaller Muslim and Hindu kingdoms. They were in constant conflict with one another, and also were not any significant force individually.
The Mughals used this circumstances. They moved south from the Central Asia steppes, and by using the typical Mongol horde-style of warfare managed to defeat these small kingdoms with relative ease. Once they did that, they had under their control most of the northern half of India, and remained in the region for several centuries.
It was important in the development of astronomy and science because it was the first model that aimed to predict how the planets move in their orbits. Despite being a complicated mix of circles and epicycles it was not a bad model and it worked well for at least 1500 years until observations became accurate enough to show its imperfections
they are expressing the idea that the Articles of Confederation are going to make it difficult for the country to advance.