Linkage refers to the tendency of inhertance of the DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome during the meiosis of sexual reproduction. It can be measured by the recombination frequency.
Recombination frequency describes the proportion of recombinant offsrpring produced in a genetic cross between two organisms. It is the frequency with which a single chromosomal cross over takesplace between two genes during the process of meiosis. Recombination frequency (RF) is given by
RF= Recombinants /total offspring x 100.
In the above example, the number of recombinant offspring is 20 and the total offspring is 400. By substituting these values,
RF= 20/400 x100
= 5.
The recombination frequency for the above cross is 5.
Answer:
Forces affect how objects move. They may cause motion; they may also slow, stop, or change the direction of motion of an object that is already moving. Since force cause changes in the speed or direction of an object, we can say that forces cause changes in velocity. Remember that acceleration is a change in velocity.
Explanation:
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