Answer:
President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act on May 20, 1862. On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman made the first claim under the Act, which gave citizens or future citizens up to 160 acres of public land provided they live on it, improve it, and pay a small registration fee.
After the Scientific Revolution, many people started to wonder. Prior to it, people just accepted the universe as is and then they found out it wasn't as they thought.
Assuming you're referring to World War II, in general African Americans were treated best in domestic units in the North, since they were not allowed in combat positions and faced segregation in the South.