The condition of acidosis can also cause hyperkalemia because the higher H+ concentration diffuses to the intracellular fluid, pushing K+ towards the extracellular fluid.
Hyperkalemia describes a potassium level in the blood which is higher than normal. Potassium is a vital substance to the function of nerve and muscle cells, including those of the heart. Blood potassium is normally 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter.
During infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II molecules and triggers a phagocytic property by stimulating the release of macrophages.
What is the role of macrophages in Phagosomes?
Phagosome maturation was formerly regarded to be a very simple notion that described how much phagosomes had united with lysosomes.
- Unfortunately, this assumption is no longer valid because phagosomes are now known to interact with a variety of intracellular organelles during their maturation process.
- Proteins, such as the NADPH oxidase complex that creates the superoxide burst, may be seen being assembled on the phagocytic cup even before they are fully formed.
- When the phagosome closes and the maturation process begins, it becomes increasingly acidic and hydrolytically active, and it transiently fuses with the recycling endosomal system, the secretory system, including secretory lysosomes, multi-vesicular bodies such as the MHC class II (MIIC) compartment, and even the endoplasmic reticulum.
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# SPJ4
A change in allele frequencies.
Answer:
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