Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 kilometers or 345 miles) west of the Cape Verde Islands, off the coast of northwestern Africa and then controlled by Portugal.
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The individual who popularized the idea that people accused of crimes should be considered innocent unless proven guilty was William Blackstone.
William Blackstone(1723-1780) was an English jurist. He wrote the Commentaries on the Laws of England. The work is considered the best description of the doctrines of English law, and from then, it was the foundation of legal education in England and U.S. colleges. And yes, he was the individual who popularized the idea that people accused of crimes should be considered innocent unless proven guilty.
It was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into panic and wiped out millions of investors.
Atlantic and Pacific Canal