Answer:
I think it's the first and the second ... but I'm not sure
The offspring that can be described by the genotype is
Gg while for the phenotype is
green pod color
The cross between GG and gg give a heterozygous offspring that Gg offspring. The offspring are have a green pod color since the green pod color is dominant over yellow pod color and therefore the offspring have a green pod color. The cross is as the punnet square below.
It involve both experimentation and repeated observations
Polysaccarids is what its called not sure if spelled right